How to Apply for Asylum in the U.S.
Protection for people who have suffered persecution or fear persecution in their home country.
Asylum protects people persecuted based on race, religion, nationality, political opinion, or membership in a social group. You must prove you have a credible fear of persecution. It does not apply for poverty or general criminal violence (though there are exceptions).
You have only 1 year from your entry into the U.S. to apply for asylum. If you miss this deadline, it is very difficult to apply later (only very specific exceptions). Act quickly. If you are at a port of entry, you can request asylum upon arrival.
Form I-589 is free. Download it at uscis.gov/i-589. Describe in detail why you fear returning: specific events, dates, names of persecutors, and supporting evidence (news articles, letters, photos, witness statements). An immigration attorney can significantly increase your chances.
There are two paths: Affirmative asylum (if not in deportation proceedings) — interview with USCIS officer. Defensive asylum (if you have a deportation order) — you present in immigration court. In both cases, an attorney is highly recommended. Find free legal help at uscis.gov/legal-resources.
If your asylum is approved, you can work legally immediately. After 1 year, apply for permanent residence with Form I-485. Your spouse and children under 21 can also be included in your case. Keep all your asylum documents.
Useful resources
I-485 en USCIS